Nanotechnology and Biomedicine(7)
Source: Neelina H. Malsch_Biomedical Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology offers new solutions for the transformation of biosystems and provides a broad technological platform for applications in industry; such applica- tions include bioprocessing, molecular medicine (detection and treatment of ill- nesses, body part replacement, regenerative medicine, nanoscale surgery, synthesis and targeted delivery of drugs), environmental improvement (mitigation of pollution and ecotoxicology), improving food and agricultural systems (enhancing agricultural output, new food products, food conservation), and improving human performance (enhancing sensorial capacity, connecting brain and mind, integrating neural systems with nanoelectronics and nanostructured materials).Nanotechnology will also serve as a technological platform for new develop- ments in biotechnology; for example, biochips, “green” manufacturing (biocompat- ibility and biocomplexity aspects), sensors for astronauts and soldiers, biofluidics for handling DNA and other molecules, in vitro fertilization for livestock, nanofil- tration, bioprocessing by design, and traceability of genetically modified foods.Exploratory areas include understanding, conditioning, and repairing brain and other parts for regaining cognition, pharmaceuticals and plant genomes, synthesis of more effective and biodegradable chemicals for agriculture, implantable detectors, and use of saliva instead of blood for detection of illnesses. Broader issues include economic molecular medicine, sustainable agriculture, conservation of biocomplex- ity, and enabling emerging technologies. Measurements of biological entities such as neural systems may be possible at the level of developing interneuronal synapse circuits and their 20-nm diameter synoptic vesicles. Other potential breakthroughs that may be targeted by the research community in the next 10 years are the detection and treatment of cancer, treatment of brain illnesses, understanding and addressing chronic illnesses, improving human sensorial capacity, maintaining quality of life throughout the aging process, and enhancing learning capabilities.
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